Cholesterol

Roc’s conclusion on ideal cholesterol: based on 7 papers reviewed below: Total cholesterol is safest between 210-249 mg/dl. LDL of 140 seems best. So aim for HDL below 150. Take antioxidant vitamin C twice a day and E once a day to minimize ox-LDL. High triglyerides are harmful. Statins should be avoided unless cholesterol can be maintained at 250, and LDL at 140.

Bathum, 2013 Conclusion. These associations indicate that high lipoprotein levels do not seem to be definitely harmful in the general population. However, high triglyceride levels in females are associated with decreased survival.

Madsen, 2017 Conclusion Men and women in the general population with extreme high HDL cholesterol paradoxically have high all-cause mortality.

Ravnskov_2016 High LDL-C is inversely associated with mortality in most people over 60 years.

Yi_2019_ TC had U-curve associations with mortality in each age-sex group.
TC levels associated with lowest mortality were 210–249 mg/dL

BMJ 2020: LDL (140 mg/dL) live the longest.

A ratio of TC to HDL below 3.5:1 is considered very good.

From BMJ 2020: Low and high levels of LDL-C were associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality in individuals in the general population. Similar results were seen for cancer and other mortality whereas no association was found for cardiovascular mortality overall. Also, individuals in the general population with a concentration of LDL-C of 3.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) live the longest. This finding, if confirmed in more studies, will have important clinical and public health implications.

Vitamin C dose over 700 mg/day reduces heart disease! Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: a pooled analysis of 9 cohorts Paul Knekt et al Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, Dec 2004; 80: 1508 - 1520. Design:A cohort study pooling 9 prospective studies that included information on intakes of vitamin E, carotenoids, and vitamin C and that met specific criteria was carried out. During a 10-y follow-up, 4647 major incident CHD events occurred in 293 172 subjects who were free of CHD at baseline. Results:… Compared with subjects who did not take supplemental vitamin C, those who took >700 mg supplemental vitamin C/d had a relative risk of CHD incidence of 0.75…Supplemental vitamin E intake was not significantly related to reduced CHD risk. Conclusions:The results suggest a reduced incidence of major CHD events at high supplemental vitamin C intakes.

Our results are in agreement with the existing evidence about positive association between statins and vascular calcification. They enlighten to a certain extent the possible mechanisms through which statins may enhance calcium accumulation in arterial wall, namely, by inhibition of vitamin K dependent proteins and functions involved in vascular protection. THIS INDICATES STATINS CAUSE HEART ATTACKS BY CALCIFYING ARTERIES!